Volty Pi - initial research
Ongoing project to integrate Raspberry Pi into Chevy Volt's infotainment systemAfter some research and lots of procrastination, I finally decided to start this project.
Hackaday.io page
Disclaimer
All information gathered in good faith and is for educational purposes only. It is not intended to harm or violate any person's or company's rights.Chevy Volt Infotainment Display Module
The infotainment display module consists of:- LCD
- Backlight (attached to LCD)
- Touchscreen (attached to LCD)
- Controller board
Accessing the infotainment display module
1. Remove the front floor console applique (using a flat plastic tool)
2. Remove the radio control assembly
3. Remove the infotainment display module
LCD
Manufacturer | AU Optronics (AUO) Model | C070VW04-V0 Size | 7" Resolution | 800×480 (WVGA) 133PPI Interface | 18-bit parallel RGB over 50 pins FPC ribbon Power Supply | 3.3/12.5/15.0/-9.0V (VDD/AVDD/VGH/VGL)C070VW04-V1 datasheet
This datasheet is for C070VW04-V1 (newer version), so some values are incorrect and noted as such below.
LCD Ribbon Interface
50-pin ribbon pinout (from C070VW04-V1 datasheet)Pin | Name | I/O | Description | Vmin | Vmax | V | mA --- | -----| --- | ------------------------------------- | ---- | ---- | ----- | --- 1 | VCOM | PI | Common electrode driving voltage | | | 5.31 | 0.3 2 | VGH | PI | Positive power supply voltage for TFT | -0.3 | 20 | 15 | 0.2 3 | VGL | PI | Negative power supply voltage for TFT | -15 | 0.3 | -9 | 0.2 4 | VDD | PI | Digital power supply voltage | 0.3 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 8.7 5 | GND | PI | Ground | | | 0 6 | V1 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 12.24 7 | V2 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 11.62 8 | V3 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 10.40 9 | V4 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 9.78 10 | V5 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 9.38 11 | V6 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 8.46 12 | V7 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 6.83 13 | V8 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 6.40 14 | V9 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 4.58 15 | V10 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 3.74 16 | V11 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 3.27 17 | V12 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 2.60 18 | V13 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 1.18 19 | V14 | I | Gamma correction voltage | | | 0.28 20 | AVDD | PI | Analog power supply voltage | -0.5 | 13.5 | 12.8 | 34 21 | AVDD | PI | Analog power supply voltage | -0.5 | 13.5 | 12.8 | 34 22 | GND | PI | Ground | | | 0 23 | VS | I | Vertical Sync input 24 | HS | I | Horizontal Sync input 25 | DE | I | Data Enable Input (Low Active) 26 | DCLK | I | Data clock Input 27 | GND | PI | Ground | | | 0 28 | DB5 | I | Blue data input(MSB) 29 | DB4 | I | Blue data input 30 | DB3 | I | Blue data input 31 | DB2 | I | Blue data input 32 | DB1 | I | Blue data input 33 | DB0 | I | Blue data input(LSB) 34 | DG5 | I | Green data input (MSB) 35 | DG4 | I | Green data Input 36 | DG3 | I | Green data Input 37 | DG2 | I | Green data Input 38 | DG1 | I | Green data Input 39 | DG0 | I | Green data Input (LSB) 40 | DR5 | I | Red data input (MSB) 41 | DR4 | I | Red data input 42 | DR3 | I | Red data Input 43 | DR2 | I | Red data Input 44 | DR1 | I | Red data Input 45 | DR0 | I | Red data Input (LSB) 46 | Mode | I | DE/SYNC mode selection. "H" for DE mode. "L" for HV mode. 47 | STBY | I | Standby mode. "H" for normal operation. "L" for standby mode. 48 | RSTB | I | Global reset pin. (low active) 49 | GND | PI | Ground | | | 0 50 | VCOM | PI | Common electrode driving voltage | | | 5.31 | 0.3
LED Backlight
LED backlight is 12 LEDs (3 strings of 4 LEDs each).Connector is 4 wires: Red is the anode (+24V), the other 3 are cathodes
Feature | Value | Note ----------- | ----------------- | ---- Connector | JST SM04B-SRSS-TB Pins | BLE-4PINS-ACCC | (+) (-) (-) (-) Voltage | 24V | *datasheet for V1 says 14V @ 80mA - this is incorrect* Max Voltage | 25.5V is OK | *datasheet for V1 says 16V @ 90mA - this is incorrect*
Touchscreen
Touchscreen is a standard resistive touchscreen with a 4-pin ribbon connector.Works well with Adafruit's AR1100 Touchscreen To USB Mouse Controller
AR1100 Touchscreen To USB Mouse Controller
Display Controller Board
Controller board itself does not have any identifiable model or part number. It might be custom-made for Chevrolet. It has the following connectors:- 50-pin ribbon connector to the display module
- 4-pin ribbon connector to the touch module
- 4-pin plug connector to display's LCD backlight
- 8-pin plug connector (P17 X1 connector) to the main radio unit and the rest of the vehicle
- 3-pin GVIF connector to the main radio unit
Connectors
+-----------------------------------------------------+ | | | Controller Board | | | | P17 X1 Connector (7283-9028-30) | | +------+ +---------------------------------+ | | | | | [BATT ] [ GND ] [ GND ] [CGI+ ] | | | | GVIF | | | | | | | | [W RST] [P ENB] [C SHL] [CGI- ] | | | +------+ +---------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------------------------+
GVIF Connector
The blue connector on the display controller is for Gigabit Video Interface (GVIF). GVIF transmits video data over a single shielded twisted pair using FPD-Link II protocol which uses low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS). GVIF connector has 3 pins, but the connector shape might be unique to a specific display controller, vehicle model or series.FPD-Link II protocol
Notes:
I was not able to find GVIF connectors on sale on any OEM site or eBay
Although, GM might use the same connector as Toyota. GVIF connector for Land Rover that I purchased does not fit properly.
GVIF Video Decoder Chip
Smaller chip on the display controller board next to the GVIF connector is CXB1466R video decoder chip. It converts FPDLink-II signal sent over GVIF to parallel 24-bit RGB signal. Interestingly, LCD display interface is only 18 bits.Datasheet for decoder CXB1456R (sister chip)
AFAIK, the complementary encoder chip is CXB1465R.
Datasheet for encoder CXB1455R (sister chip)
GVIF and CXB* encoder/decoder chips are developed by Sony and there is not much information about them in the open. I was unable to get the datasheet for CXB1466R or CXB1465, but there are datasheet for sister chips CXB1455 and CXB1456.
Additionally, CXB* chips are difficult to find online
P17 Info Display Module X1 connector
Pin | Color | Label | Function --- | ------- | -------- | -------- 1 | RD/VT | BATT | Battery Positive Voltage 2 | BK | GND | Ground 3 | | GND | Not Used 4 | VT | CGI+ | Touch Screen Display Signal (+) 5 | BN/L-GN | W RST | Navigation Display Reset Signal (pulled to 0) 6 | L-GN/YE | P ENABLE | Entertainment Remote Enable Signal 7 | BK | C SHIELD | Touch Screen Display Drain Wire (ground) 8 | VT | CGI- | Touch Screen Display Signal (-)
CAN Graphical Interface (CGI) Circuit Description
(from Chevy Volt's service manual)This bus is used by the Entertainment sub-system to transfer high-rate display graphics between the Radio and the Info Display Module and/or Radio/HVAC Control. The electrical characteristics of the CAN Graphical Interface (CGI) Bus are very similar to the High Speed GMLAN Bus. The message strategy and construction of messages are different however. Sometimes communication is required between the CAN Graphical Interface Bus and the Low Speed GMLAN Bus. This is accomplished by using the Radio SilverBox as the Gateway module. Since the CAN Graphical Interface Bus and primary High Speed GMLAN Bus have similar electrical characteristics, the diagnostics for each are similar.
A bus wake up signal will be generated by the Radio or by the Info Display Module when the system functionality is required. The communication function of the CAN Graphical Interface shall be enabled or disabled based on the voltage level of the Centre Stack Wake. The network will stay awake as long as the circuit voltage is driven low, to less than 1.5 V. Communications are disabled with a high circuit voltage around 5.0 V.
The Radio can execute a warm reset of the Info Display Module if the Info Display Module fails to respond to the Radio's request. The Centre Stack Reset is a low-asserted pull down output (less than 1.5 V) from the Radio to the Info Display Module and has the same electrical characteristics as those for the Centre Stack Wake signal defined above.
Display Driver Chip
This does not seem relevant, but this is the CPU on the display controller.Renesas M16C/65 Series datasheet
Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi is an obvious candidate for an in-car computer. Broadcom SoC can natively output parallel 18-bit video.Display Parallel Interface
DPIDisplay Parallel Interface (DPI) is an up-to-24-bit parallel RGB interface controlled by GPU firmware and available on all Raspberry Pi boards through GPIO pins.
Pins marked as DPI_D* can be configured to output data different modes:
- 565 (5 bits for red and blue, 6 bits for green)
- 666 (6 bits for each color - 18-bit mode)
- 888 (8 bits for each color - full 24-bit mode)
Since the LCD display is expecting 18 bits of color data, use mode 5 (6 bits per color, in order of blue-green-red)
GPIO | Function | Description | LCD Interface Pin | Notes ---- | -------- | ------------- | ----------------- | ------- ? | GND | Ground | 5/22/27/49 GND 0 | PCLK | Clock | 26 DCLK 1 | DE | Device Enable | 25 DE | Always enabled? Do not connect? 2 | VSYNC | | 23 VS 3 | HSYNC | | 24 VS 4 | DPI_D0 | Blue LSB | 33 DB0 5 | DPI_D1 | Blue | 32 DB1 6 | DPI_D2 | Blue | 31 DB2 7 | DPI_D3 | Blue | 30 DB3 8 | DPI_D4 | Blue | 29 DB4 9 | DPI_D5 | Blue MSB | 28 DB5 10 | DPI_D6 | Green LSB | 39 DG0 11 | DPI_D7 | Green | 38 DG1 12 | DPI_D8 | Green | 37 DG2 13 | DPI_D9 | Green | 36 DG3 14 | DPI_D10 | Green | 35 DG4 15 | DPI_D11 | Green MSB | 34 DG5 16 | DPI_D12 | Red LSB | 45 DR0 17 | DPI_D13 | Red | 44 DR1 18 | DPI_D14 | Red | 43 DR2 19 | DPI_D15 | Red | 42 DR3 20 | DPI_D16 | Red | 41 DR4 21 | DPI_D17 | Red MSB | 40 DR5 22 | DPI_D18 | 23 | DPI_D19 | 24 | DPI_D20 | 25 | DPI_D21 | 26 | DPI_D22 | 27 | DPI_D23 |
Software
Raspberry Pi OSLineageOS
It would be great to use Android apps (particularly, OsmAnd and Spotify), but there might be issues with video output (need to test)
Switching The Input
Switch the LCD 50-pin and touchscreen 4-pin ribbon connectors between 2 inputs (display controller and Raspberry Pi) using an old school switch box.After looking at the datasheet for the LCD, due to specific voltage levels involved and a startup sequence, it might be a better idea to only switch the clock, sync and data pins. This means only 21 pins (DCLK, HSYNC, VSYNC, 18 bits of color) need to be switched for the LCD. Ground has to be shared between Raspberry Pi and the LCD controller. *Hopefully ground pins are the same level even when powering Raspberry Pi*
Another idea was to encode video signal as FPDLink II and switch GVIF connector digitally. Considering how difficult it is to find a GVIF connector and an encoder chip (and I would like to avoid soldering to the controller board directly), I decided against this option.
LCD Ribbon Switcher Connection
+-------+-------+ +------------+ | Touch | LCD | | Controller | | | | | | | | O--(VCOM)---------------------O | | | O--(VGH)----------------------O | | | O--(VGL)----------------------O | | | O--(VDD)----------------------O | | | O--(GND)----------------------O | | | O==(GAMMA)====================O | | | O--(AVDD)---------------------O | | | O--(AVDD)---------------------O | | | O--(GND)----------------------O | | | O--(DE)-----------------------O | | | | | | | | | +----------+ | | | | | | Switcher | | | | | | | | | | | | O--(VSYNC)------O O O----O | | | O--(HSYNC)------O O O----O | | | O--(DCLK)-------O O O----O | | | O--(GND)--------O----O---O----O | | | O==(BLUE)=======O O O====O | | | O==(GREEN)======O O O====O | | | O==(RED)========O O O====O | | | | | | | | | | O---(X+)-----------------O O O----O | | O---(X-)-----------------O O O----O | | O---(Y+)-----------------O O O----O | | O---(Y-)-----------------O O O----O | | | | | | | | | | | | | To RPi | | | | | | | | | | | | | +----------+ | | | | | | | | | O--(MODE)---------------------O | | | O--(STBYB)--------------------O | | | O--(RESET)--------------------O | | | O--(GND)----------------------O | | | O--(VCOM)---------------------O | | | | | | +-------+-------+ +------------+
Bill of Material
For the connection:50-pin ribbon cable extension x2
ribbon cable breakout
50-pin SMT connector (need to be soldered) x2
Touchscreen ribbon cable extension x2
Touchscreen ribbon cable breakout x2
Touchscreen to USB mouse controller
A/B data switch for at least 25 pins (you can solder more onto the large rotary switch)
For prototyping:
Prototype boards
Pin headers need ~130 pins in total
Jumper cables for prototyping ~130 jumpers in total
Adafruit DPI TFT Kippah
DPI TFT KippahOutputs parallel 18-bit RGB. Possibly use later if I decide on making a printed circuit board.